ABSTRACT
Purpose@#Neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) is widely used to treat breast cancer (BC). The prediction and evaluation of chemotherapy responses remains a significant challenge. @*Methods@#MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play a crucial role in cancer drug resistance. We used a miRNA microarray and identified that miR-638 is downregulated in chemoresistant cases.However, the exact role of miR-638 and the underlying mechanisms of chemoresistance remain unclear. Using real-time quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, we found significant downregulation of miR-638 in chemoresistant patients compared with chemosensitive patients. To explore the function of miR-638, we overexpressed and inhibited miR-638 expression in MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 cells by transfecting them with miR-638 mimics and miR-638 inhibitor, respectively. Cell proliferation and apoptosis were measured using MTS and flow cytometry, respectively. A minimal patient-derived xenograft (MiniPDX™) model was established to evaluate the chemosensitivity to different drugs. @*Results@#The results showed that cell proliferation decreased and cell apoptosis increased in cells transfected with the miR-638 mimic, and cell proliferation and apoptosis were reversed with transfection of miR-638 inhibitor compared with the control group. Among patients who received 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), miR-638 expression levels were lower in the chemoresistant group than in the chemosensitive group. The MiniPDX™ model showed that MDA-MB-231 cells overexpressing miR-638 were more susceptible to 5-FU treatment in vivo. @*Conclusion@#We provided evidence of acquired resistance to 5-FU caused by miR-638 deficiency. Alterations in miR-638 may be used with 5-FU chemotherapy during NAC for BC.
ABSTRACT
Given the increasing incidence of neurodegenerative disease (ND), recent research efforts have intensified the search for curative treatments. Despite significant research, however, existing therapeutic options for ND can only slow down the progression of the disease, but not provide a cure. Light therapy (LT) has been used to treat some mental and sleep disorders. This review illustrates recent studies of the use of LT in patients with ND and highlights its potential for clinical applications. The literature was collected from PubMed through June 2020. Selected studies were primarily English articles or articles that could be obtained with English abstracts and Chinese main text. Articles were not limited by type. Additional potential publications were also identified from the bibliographies of identified articles and the authors' reference libraries. The identified literature suggests that LT is a safe and convenient physical method of treatment. It may alleviate sleep disorders, depression, cognitive function, and other clinical symptoms. However, some studies have reported limited or no effects. Therefore, LT represents an attractive therapeutic approach for further investigation in ND. LT is an effective physical form of therapy and a new direction for research into treatments for ND. However, it requires further animal experiments to elucidate mechanisms of action and large, double-blind, randomized, and controlled trials to explore true efficacy in patients with ND.
Subject(s)
Animals , Humans , Neurodegenerative Diseases/therapy , Phototherapy , Randomized Controlled Trials as TopicABSTRACT
@#Age-related macular degeneration is a macular disease which incidence increases with age. Currently, it is believed that its pathogenic factors are related to patients' age, heredity, smoking, oxidative stress, immune inflammatory response, RPE cell aging and metabolic abnormalities. Complement system plays an important role in the body's defense against infection, immune regulation and inflammatory response. Immune inflammation caused by abnormal activation of complement system is considered to be an important cause of ARMD in recent years. Autophagy also plays a role in ARMD. Normal autophagy is an important way for cells' self-protection and maintenance of homeostasis. When autophagy is blocked, oxidative stress can be aggravated, which will lead to the development of ARMD. The balance regulation between complement activation and autophagy is an important method to control the development of ARMD.
ABSTRACT
@#Age-related macular degeneration is a macular disease which incidence increases with age. Currently, it is believed that its pathogenic factors are related to patients' age, heredity, smoking, oxidative stress, immune inflammatory response, RPE cell aging and metabolic abnormalities. Complement system plays an important role in the body's defense against infection, immune regulation and inflammatory response. Immune inflammation caused by abnormal activation of complement system is considered to be an important cause of ARMD in recent years. Autophagy also plays a role in ARMD. Normal autophagy is an important way for cells' self-protection and maintenance of homeostasis. When autophagy is blocked, oxidative stress can be aggravated, which will lead to the development of ARMD. The balance regulation between complement activation and autophagy is an important method to control the development of ARMD.